Cotton W.R., Anthes R.A. Storm and Cloud Dynamics

International Geophysics Series, 1989, Volume 44. Academic Press, New York, London, 1989. – 885 pp.
The focus of this book is on the dynamics of clouds and of precipitating mesoscale meteorological systems. Mesoscale meteorology is concerned with weather systems that have spatial and temporal scales between the domains of macro- and micrometeorology. Generally, macrometeorology is concerned with weather systems having spatial scales greater than 1000 km and temporal scales on the order of several days or longer. Micrometeorology is the science dealing with atmospheric dynamics having spatial scales of tens to hundreds of meters and time scales on the order of minutes. Mesoscale meteorology can therefore be thought of as the science dealing with any weather system lying between these two extreme temporal and spatial scales. Orlanski (1975) subdivided the classification of mesoscale systems into three scales. He suggested that the term meso-a should be applied to weather systems such as frontal systems and hurricanes having horizontal scales of 200-2000 km and temporal scales of 1 day to 1 week. The term meso-b should be applied to such systems as the nocturnal low-level jet, squall lines, inertial waves, cloud clusters, and mountain and lake/coastal circulations. These systems have horizontal scales on the order of 20-200 km and temporal scales on the order of several hours to 1 day. Finally, he suggested that the meso-c regime should include thunderstorms, internal gravity waves, clear air turbulence, and urban effects with horizontal scales of 2-20 km and temporal scales on the order of one-half hour to several hours. In this book, we shall generally adhere to this terminology.Clouds
Fundamental Equations Governing Cloud Processes
On Averaging
The Parameterization or Modeling of Microphysical Processes in Clouds
Radiative Transfer in a Cloudy Atmosphere and Its Parameterization
Cumulus Parameterization and Diagnostic Studies of Convective Systems
Fogs and Stratocumulus Clouds
Cumulus Clouds
Cumulonimbus Clouds and Severe Convective Storms
Mesoscale Convective Systems
The Mesoscale Structure of Extratropical Cyclones and Middle and High Clouds
The Influence of Mountains on Airflow, Clouds, and Precipitation
Epilogue