Beekmans Gerard, Dubbs Bruce. Linux From Scratch. Version 10.1

2021. — 371 p.There are many reasons why you would want to read this book. One of the questions many people raise is, “why go through all the hassle of manually building a Linux system from scratch when you can just download and install an existing one?”
One important reason for this project's existence is to help you learn how a Linux system works from the inside out. Building an LFS system helps demonstrate what makes Linux tick, and how things work together and depend on each other. One of the best things that this learning experience can provide is the ability to customize a Linux system to suit your own unique needs.
Another key benefit of LFS is that it allows you to have more control over the system without relying on someone else's Linux implementation. With LFS, you are in the driver's seat and dictate every aspect of the system.
LFS allows you to create very compact Linux systems. When installing regular distributions, you are often forced to install a great many programs which are probably never used or understood. These programs waste resources. You may argue that with today's hard drive and CPUs, such resources are no longer a consideration. Sometimes, however, you are still constrained by size considerations if nothing else. Think about bootable CDs, USB sticks, and embedded systems. Those are areas where LFS can be beneficial.
Another advantage of a custom built Linux system is security. By compiling the entire system from source code, you are empowered to audit everything and apply all the security patches desired. It is no longer necessary to wait for somebody else to compile binary packages that fix a security hole. Unless you examine the patch and implement it yourself, you have no guarantee that the new binary package was built correctly and adequately fixes the problem.
The goal of Linux From Scratch is to build a complete and usable foundation-level system. If you do not wish to build your own Linux system from scratch, you may nevertheless benefit from the information in this book.
There are too many other good reasons to build your own LFS system to list them all here. In the end, education is by far the most powerful of reasons. As you continue in your LFS experience, you will discover the power that information and knowledge truly bring.ForewordAudienceLFS Target Architectures
Prerequisites
LFS and Standards
Rationale for Packages in the Book
Typography
Structure
ErrataHow to Build an LFS System
What's new since the last release
Changelog
Resources
Help
Preparing for the Build
Preparing the Host SystemHost System Requirements
Building LFS in Stages
Creating a New Partition
Creating a File System on the Partition
Setting The $LFS Variable
Mounting the New Partition
Packages and PatchesAll Packages
Needed Patches
Final PreparationsCreating a limited directory layout in LFS filesystem
Adding the LFS User
Setting Up the Environment
About SBUs
About the Test Suites
Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools
Important Preliminary MaterialToolchain Technical Notes
General Compilation Instructions
Compiling a Cross-ToolchainBinutils-2.36.1 - Pass 1
GCC-10.2.0 - Pass 1
Linux-5.10.17 API Headers
Glibc-2.33
Libstdc++ from GCC-10.2.0, Pass 1
Cross Compiling Temporary ToolsM4-1.4.18
Ncurses-6.2
Bash-5.1
Coreutils-8.32
Diffutils-3.7
File-5.39
Findutils-4.8.0
Gawk-5.1.0
Grep-3.6
GZIP-1.10
Make-4.3
Patch-2.7.6
Sed-4.8
Tar-1.34
Xz-5.2.5
Binutils-2.36.1 - Pass 2
GCC-10.2.0 - Pass 2
Entering Chroot and Building Additional Temporary ToolsChanging Ownership
Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems
Entering the Chroot Environment
Creating Directories
Creating Essential Files and Symlinks
Libstdc++ from GCC-10.2.0, Pass 2
Gettext-0.21
Bison-3.7.5
Perl-5.32.1
Python-3.9.2
Texinfo-6.7
Util-Linux-2.36.2
Cleaning up and Saving the Temporary System
Building the LFS System
Installing Basic System SoftwarePackage Management
Man-pages-5.10
Iana-Etc-20210202
Glibc-2.33
Zlib-1.2.11
BZIP2-1.0.8
Xz-5.2.5
Zstd-1.4.8
File-5.39
Readline-8.1
M4-1.4.18
Bc-3.3.0
Flex-2.6.4
Tcl-8.6.11
Expect-5.45.4
DejaGNU-1.6.2
Binutils-2.36.1
GMP-6.2.1
MPFR-4.1.0
MPC-1.2.1
Attr-2.4.48
Acl-2.2.53
Libcap-2.48
Shadow-4.8.1
GCC-10.2.0
Pkg-config-0.29.2
Ncurses-6.2
Sed-4.8
Psmisc-23.4
Gettext-0.21
Bison-3.7.5
Grep-3.6
Bash-5.1
Libtool-2.4.6
GDBM-1.19
Gperf-3.1
Expat-2.2.10
Inetutils-2.0
Perl-5.32.1
XML::Parser-2.46
Intltool-0.51.0
Autoconf-2.71
Automake-1.16.3
Kmod-28
Libelf from Elfutils-0.183
Libffi-3.3
OpenSSL-1.1.1j
Python-3.9.2
Ninja-1.10.2
Meson-0.57.1
Coreutils-8.32
Check-0.15.2
Diffutils-3.7
Gawk-5.1.0
Findutils-4.8.0
Groff-1.22.4
GRUB-2.04
Less-563
GZIP-1.10
IPRoute2-5.10.0
Kbd-2.4.0
Libpipeline-1.5.3
Make-4.3
Patch-2.7.6
Man-DB-2.9.4
Tar-1.34
Texinfo-6.7
Vim-8.2.2433
Eudev-3.2.10
Procps-ng-3.3.17
Util-Linux-2.36.2
E2fsprogs-1.46.1
Sysklogd-1.5.1
Sysvinit-2.98
About Debugging Symbols
Stripping Again
Cleaning Up
System ConfigurationLFS-Bootscripts-20210201
Overview of Device and Module Handling
Managing Devices
General Network Configuration
System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration
The Bash Shell Startup Files
Creating the /etc/inputrc File
Creating the /etc/shells File
Making the LFS System BootableCreating the /etc/fstab File
Linux-5.10.17
Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
The End
The End
Get Counted
Rebooting the System
What Now?
Appendices
A. Acronyms and Terms
B. Acknowledgments
C. Dependencies
D. Boot and sysconfig scripts version-20210201
/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc
/lib/lsb/init-functions
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvirtfs
/etc/rc.d/init.d/modules
/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev
/etc/rc.d/init.d/swap
/etc/rc.d/init.d/setclock
/etc/rc.d/init.d/checkfs
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountfs
/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry
/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs
/etc/rc.d/init.d/console
/etc/rc.d/init.d/localnet
/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysctl
/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysklogd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/network
/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendsignals
/etc/rc.d/init.d/reboot
/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt
/etc/rc.d/init.d/template
/etc/sysconfig/modules
/etc/sysconfig/createfiles
/etc/sysconfig/udev-retry
/sbin/ifup
/sbin/ifdown
/lib/services/ipv4-static
/lib/services/ipv4-static-route
E. Udev configuration rules
55-lfs.rules
F. LFS Licenses
Creative Commons License
The MIT License