Gorak A., Sorensen E. Distillation: Fundamentals and Principles

Elsevier Inc., 2014. — 506 p.Distillation: Fundamentals and Principles is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the theory and practice of modern distillation, suitable for advanced students and professionals working in a laboratory, industrial plants, or a managerial capacity. It addresses the most important and current research on industrial distillation, including all steps in process design (feasibility study, modeling, and experimental validation), together with operation and control aspects. This volume features an extra focus on the conceptual design of distillation.This is the first book in a three-volume series covering all aspects of Distillation. This volume focuses on the fundamental principles of distillation with particular emphasis on practical understanding of design and operation. The chapters are written by different authors and the approach, depth, and extent of subject matter coverage may therefore differ from chapter to chapter, however, together they represent a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art.History of DistillationFrom neolithic times to alexandria (3500 BC–AD 700)
The alembic, the arabs, and albertus magnus (AD 700–1450)
Printed books and the rise of science (1450–1650)
From laboratory to industry (1650–1800)
Scientific impact and industrialization (1800–1900)
Engineering science (1900–1950)
Improvements and integration (1950–1990)
What will be the next innovation cycle (1990–2020 and beyond)?Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium and Physical Properties for DistillationThermodynamic fundamentals
Calculation of VLE using gE models
Calculation of VLE using equations of state
Liquid–liquid equilibria
Electrolyte systems
Conditions for the occurrence of azeotropic behavior
Predictive models
Calculation of other important thermophysical properties
Application of thermodynamic models and factual databanks for the development and simulation of separation processesMass Transfer in DistillationFluxes and conservation equations
Constitutive relations
Diffusion coefficients
Mass transfer coefficients
Estimation of mass transfer coefficients in binary systems
Models for mass transfer in multicomponent mixtures
Mass transfer in tray columns
Mass transfer in packed columnsPrinciples of Binary DistillationVapor–liquid equilibrium
Differential distillation
Flash distillation
Continuous distillation with rectification
Concluding remarksDesign and Operation of Batch DistillationBatch column operation
Design of batch distillation
Batch distillation configurations
Control of batch distillation
Complex batch distillation
Modeling of batch distillation
Optimization of batch distillation
The future of batch distillationEnergy Considerations in Distillation
Introduction to energy efficiency
Energy-efficient distillation
Energy-efficient distillation: operation and control
Heat integration of distillation
Energy-efficient distillation: advanced and complex column configurations
Energy-efficient distillation: evaluation of energy requirementsConceptual Design of Zeotropic Distillation ProcessesSynthesizing all possible distillation configurations
Thermal coupling
Identifying optimal configurations
An example: petroleum crude distillation
Additional multicolumn configurationsConceptual Design of Azeotropic Distillation ProcessesGeneration of distillation process variants
Shortcut evaluation of distillation processes
Optimization-based conceptual design of distillation processes
Design studies for different types of azeotropic distillation processesHybrid Distillation Schemes: Design, Analysis, and ApplicationSelection of HDS: rule-based procedure
Model-based computer-aided methods and tools
Application of HDSModeling of Distillation ProcessesClassification of distillation models
Equilibrium-based modeling
Nonequilibrium-based modeling
Modeling of more complex distillation processesOptimization of Distillation ProcessesOptimization of a single distillation column
Synthesis of distillation sequences