Lehmann Winfred P. Pre-Indo-European

Washington, DC: Institute for the study of man, 2002. — 287 p. — (Journal of Indo-European studies. Monograph no. 41). — ISBN: 0941694828.The Bases for Reconstructing Pre-IE.
Advances in the Sciences and Fields Relevant for Indo-European Studies.
Pre-Indo-European: an Active Language.
Genetics and its Importance for Identifying the Indo-European Speakers in their Spread.
Archeology and its Contribution to our Information on the Early Period of Indo-European Speakers.
Indo-European as one of the Nostratic Languages.
The Primary Bases for Reconstructing Pre-lndo-European.
From PIE to Pre-IE.
The Common Source.
The Comparative Method.
The Method of Internal Reconstruction for Morphology and Syntax.
The Use of Residues.
Determination of Chronological Strata in Language.
Typological Findings as Guides to Interpretation of Data.
Characteristics o f Active Languages.
Inferences Based on Application of these Methods and Conclusions concerning Language Structures.
Earlier Analyses o f the Lexicon that Support the Assumption of Pre-Indo-European as an Active Language.
Stages of Proto-Indo-European.
The Three Stages of Indo-European Assumed Here.
Residues in PIE that Prompt its Identification as a Reflex of an Active Language.
The Importance o f Examining Residues as Illustrated by the Clarification o f Germanic Phonology by Jacob Grimm and his Successors.
Explanations of such Residues by a Historical Approach and the Assumption of Stages in Languages.
Pre-Indo-European as an Agreement Language of the Active Sub-type.
Doublets as Reflexes of Earlier Active Structure in the Lexicon.
Reflexes of Active Languages in Nouns, Verbs, and Particles.
Nouns.
Verbs.
icles.
Sentence Patterns of Active Structure as Found in the Early Dialects.
Morphological Patterns Reflecting the Earlier Active Structure.
Previous Recognition and Explanation of Active Language Characteristics in the Indo-European Languages.Lexical Structure.
The Lexicon in Active Languages: Nouns, Verbs, and Particles.
Nouns: Active/ Animate and Stative/Inanimate, and the Introduction of Gender Classes.
Sets of Nouns in Accordance with their Meaning.
Words for Natural Items and Events.
Words for the Animal World.
Words for the Plant World.
Words for the Body and its Parts.
Words for the Family and its Arrangements.
Verbs: Active and Stative.
Verbs that are Inflected only in the Active in the Dialects.
Stative Verbs Reflected in the Perfect in the Dialects..
Stative Verbs Reflected in the Middle in the Dialects..
Involuntary Verbs.
Centrifugal and Centripetal Uses of Verbs.
icles.
The Particles Proper.
Development of the Particles i and u.
icles that are the Basis of Adpositions.
icles that Developed into Adverbs.
Syntax.
Active Language Syntax in Pre-Indo-European.
Basic Word Order in the Sentence.
Complex Sentences; the Use of Participles and Other Non-finite Verb Forms.
iciples in OV Languages.
Uses of Participles in the Early Dialects.
Uses of Verbal Adjectives and Gerundives.
Summary of the Uses of Non-finite Forms.
Other Possible Non-finite Forms.
Subordinate Clauses and the Development of Particles to Conjunctions.
Classes of Particles.
The Meanings and Origins of Selected Particles, and their Application as Morphological Markers.
The Position of Particles with Reference to Nouns and Verbs.
Examples of Early Texts that Reflect the Syntax of Pre-Indo-European.
Derivational Morphology.
Attention to lndo-European Derivational Morphology in the Major Handbooks.
Theoretical Assumptions in Previous Attention to the Earlier Derivational Patterning.
Evidence for the Basic Derivational Processes.
Root Structure.
The Structure of Everyday Words in Proto-Indo-European.
The Role of Particles in the Pre-Indo-European Lexicon.
Production of the Earliest Suffixed Nouns.
Production of the Earliest Suffixed Verbs.
Suffixation of *-s- with Personal, Voluntative Meaning.
Affixation of *-n-.
Affixation of *-e/o-.
Evidence in Compounds.
The Increasing Use of Suffixes in the Formation of New Verbs.Inflectional Morphology.
Views in the Handbooks on Earlier Inflectional Morphology.
The Active Verb System of Pre-Indo-European.
Uses of the Injunctive that Illustrate those of Earlier Verb Forms in Pre-Indo-European.
Uses of the Perfect and of the Hittite hi-Conjugation. Forms that Illustrate those of their Etymon in Pre-Indo-European.
Non-finite Forms of the Verb in Pre-Indo-European.
Verbal Nouns.
Gerunds in the Early Dialects.
iciples and Verbal Adjectives.
The Development of Inflections in the Noun.
Adjectives.
Pronouns.
. Conclusion, with Examples that may Reflect Pre-Indo-European Texts.
Phonology.
Theoretical Bases of the Phonological Systems Proposed for Proto-Indo-European and Pre-Indo-European.
Reasons for the Revised Systems.
Three Phonological Systems that have been Proposed for Proto-Indo-European.
Szemerenyi's System.
Beekes' System.
The System of Gamkrelidze and Ivanov.
Notes on the Three Systems.
The Segmental System Proposed Here for Proto-lndo-European.
The Period of Movable Pitch Accent and its Effect on Ablaut.
The Period of Stress Accent and its Effect on Ablaut.
Zero Grade.
Lengthened Grade.
The Laryngeal Theory in Relation to the Vocalic System.
Chronology of Ablaut Changes.
The Obstruent System; the Glottalic Theory.
The Palatals and Velars.
The Resonants.
The Pre-Indo-European Phonemic System.
The Culture of the Pre-Indo-European Speakers.
Evidence for the Civilization and Culture of the Pre-Indo-European Speakers.
Archeological Criteria for Assuming a Preceramic Neolithic Period and its Relevance for Pre-Indo-European.
Social and Economic Conditions.
Livestock and Agricultural Activities in the Pre-Indo-European Community.
Terminology Indicating Gradual Development from Hunting-Gathering to a Settled Society.
Tokens, their Distribution, and Implications for Settlement Areas of the Indo-European Speakers.
Art, Literature and Religion of the Pre-Indo-European Speakers.
Life in the Pre-lndo-European Period.
Bases of the Preeminence of the Indo-European.
Pre-IE and Possible Related Languages.
Pre-Indo-European in Relation to Nostratic and Eurasiatic.
Principles to be Observed in Reconstructing.
Macro-families.
The Need to Reconstruct Proto-Languages for Macro-families.(https://archive.org/details/@arbomhard)