Brown R.W., Cheng Y.-C.N., Haacke E.M., Thompson M.R., Venkatesan R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design

Издательство John Wiley, 2014, -978 pp.The principal motivation for this book is to create a self-contained text that could be used to teach the basics of magnetic resonance imaging to both graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. Although this is not a complete research treatise on MRI, it may also serve as a useful reference text for those experienced in the field. Time and page limitations have made it impossible to include detailed discussions of exchange processes, rf penetration, k-t space, perfusion, and parametric reconstruction methods, to name a few important topics omitted. MR simulations, interactive MRI, and distance learning are other important issues that may be addressed in an expanded web-based companion volume in the future. We hope that the present text is a useful complement to the many technical details available on coil concepts in the MR technology book by Chen and Hoult and on diffusion in the microscopic imaging book by Callaghan.
To varying degrees, the chapters contain discussions of the technical details, homework problems, sequence concepts, and the resulting images. Key points are often highlighted by italicized text and single quotation marks usually signify the introduction of MR nomenclature or stylized language. Representative references appear at the end of each chapter, but only general review or introductory articles, or selected papers with which we are especially familiar, are referenced. It is beyond the scope of this book to make any attempt to present a complete bibliography.
The first fifteen chapters of the text are introductory in nature and could perhaps serve as a one-semester course. After the brief preview given in chapter one, they wend their way from the basic dynamics of nuclear magnetic moments, to the concepts of imaging, and later to the effects of reconstruction type, contrast and noise. The next eleven chapters represent the bulk of the imaging applications addressed; they could either be covered in a second semester or the basic concepts of each could be interspersed with those of the earlier chapters comprising a faster paced single-semester course (which has been our tendency). The eleven chapters begin with brief excursions into the areas of rf pulse design and chemical shift imaging, and are followed by detailed discussions on fast imaging, magnetic field inhomogeneity effects, motion, flow, diffusion, sequence design and artifacts. A unified discussion of the rf, gradient and main magnet coils is contained in the last chapter. Alternatively, we do find appealing the assimilation of coil hardware issues with material in earlier chapters where appropriate.
The appendices contain review material for basic electromagnetism and statistics as well as a list of acquisition parameters for the images in the book. In the second edition of this book, we have made more improvements and corrections in texts, equations, and homework problems than we can count, enhanced some chapters with new material, added a sizable new chapter, and updated a number of figures in various chapters. In particular, this includes a proof of the equal numbers in discrete Fourier transform pairs in Sec. 12.2.4, the correct interpretation of the T∗ 2 filter effect on resolution in Sec. 13.5, revised materials throughout Ch. 16, new material on off-resonance excitation principles in Sec. 17.2.2, optimizing contrast in short-TR steady-state incoherent imaging in Sec. 18.1.2, a special discussion relating the 2D DFT with a 1D DFT as originally proposed by Professor Peter Mansfield in the 1970s in Sec. 19.9, a rigorous derivation of reducing a 3D dataset to 2D in Sec. 20.3.5, and an introduction to parallel imaging in Ch. 28.
Over the past decade, we indeed followed up our statement of motivation made in the preface to the first edition by teaching hundreds of graduate students and advanced undergraduate students at our home universities. We are aware of many other classes at other universities where the first edition of this book played an important role. MRI education continues to be our primary goal, but we have been gratified by the book’s value as a research reference. Limitations remain and, alas, important topics are still missing. There are certain other MRI books that have since appeared and to which we enthusiastically refer the interested reader; we have added them to our suggested readings. To address missing topics, newly emerging topics, and amendments and corrections to the second edition, we have set up a website for students, teachers, and researchers. We are posting the many exam problems and optional homework examples developed in our years of teaching and we offer contacts with lecturers to compare solutions. However, students should try to solve these problems by themselves!Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Preview
Classical Response of a Single Nucleus to a Magnetic Field
Rotating Reference Frames and Resonance
Magnetization, Relaxation, and the Bloch Equation
The Quantum Mechanical Basis of Precession and Excitation
The Quantum Mechanical Basis of Thermal Equilibrium and Longitudinal Relaxation
Signal Detection Concepts
Introductory Signal Acquisition Methods: Free Induction Decay, Spin Echoes, Inversion Recovery, and Spectroscopy
One-Dimensional Fourier Imaging, k-Space and Gradient Echoes
Multi-Dimensional Fourier Imaging and Slice Excitation
The Continuous and Discrete Fourier Transforms
Sampling and Aliasing in Image Reconstruction
Filtering and Resolution in Fourier Transform Image Reconstruction
Projection Reconstruction of Images
Signal, Contrast, and Noise
A Closer Look at Radiofrequency Pulses
Water/Fat Separation Techniques
Fast Imaging in the Steady State
Segmented k-Space and Echo Planar Imaging
Magnetic Field Inhomogeneity Effects and T₂^* Dephasing
Random Walks, Relaxation, and Diffusion
Spin Density, T₁, and T₂ Quantification Methods in MR Imaging
Motion Artifacts and Flow Compensation
MR Angiography and Flow Quantification
Magnetic Properties of Tissues: Theory and Measurement
Sequence Design, Artifacts, and Nomenclature
Introduction to MRI Coils and Magnets
Parallel Imaging
A: Electromagnetic Principles: A Brief Overview
B: Statistics
C: Imaging Parameters to Accompany Figures